Intervenciones no medicalizadas para el acompañamiento de la neurodivergencia: una revisión de alcance sobre artes marciales, música, artes visuales y danza

José Alejandro Meza Palmeros

doi:10.29105/diversia.v1i2.16

Autores/as

José Alejandro Meza Palmeros Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-7879

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29105/diversia.v1i2.16

Palabras clave:

Neurodivergencia, intervención social, salutogénesis, artes marciales, arte terapia

Resumen

Las intervenciones no medicalizadas basadas en modalidades expresivas han ganado relevancia como alternativas o complementos a los abordajes farmacológicos y conductuales para el acompañamiento de personas neurodivergentes. La evidencia disponible se encuentra dispersa en múltiples disciplinas y carece de síntesis que integren el paradigma de la neurodiversidad como encuadre epistemológico transversal.

Objetivo: Mapear el alcance, la naturaleza y la distribución de la evidencia empírica disponible sobre intervenciones no medicalizadas basadas en artes marciales, música y musicoterapia, artes visuales y arteterapia, y danza y movimiento expresivo para el acompañamiento de personas con TEA, TDAH, dislexia y otras variantes neurológicas del desarrollo.

Métodos: Revisión de alcance (scoping review) conforme a las guías PRISMA-ScR (Tricco et al., 2018) y al marco metodológico del Instituto Joanna Briggs (Peters et al., 2020). Búsquedas sistemáticas en seis bases de datos indexadas en inglés y español (2010–2025). Las fuentes encontradas fueron clasificadas de acuerdo a su paradigma de orientación: déficit, neurodiversidad o mixto.

Resultados: Se incluyeron 27 artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2025. La evidencia más sólida corresponde a musicoterapia en TEA. Se identificaron cuatro mecanismos transversales de eficacia: estructura temporal predecible, andamiaje rítmico, desarrollo de habilidades y experiencia de comunidad.

Conclusiones: Las intervenciones expresivas constituyen una vía promisoria para el acompañamiento afirmativo de personas neurodivergentes. La base de evidencia requiere mayor rigor metodológico, seguimientos longitudinales e inclusión sistemática de las voces neurodivergentes. La investigación en contextos latinoamericanos representa una agenda necesaria y poco explorada.

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Citas

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